Moderation is one of the inherently safer design approaches.

• A. Minimize
• B. Substitute
• C. Moderation
• D. Eliminate

Answer: (C)

Moderation means reducing the energy or potential consequences of a hazard by design. In inherently safer design, this approach lowers how severe a release or reaction can be by limiting the amount of hazardous material stored, slowing the rate of release, or using less energetic conditions. For example, storing smaller quantities of a reactive chemical or designing a process so that any accidental release would occur more slowly and with less heat. This focuses on making hazards inherently less severe rather than relying on add‑on protections, which is why it fits the statement. Other strategies, like minimizing the amount present, substituting with safer materials, eliminating the hazard, or simplifying to reduce error, are related but address different aspects of hazard control. Moderation specifically targets the intensity and rate of potential hazard, making it a key approach in safer design.